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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses) ; B3 }* j- m" t7 w0 s$ J3 p% o
八卦 trigram ! {* P2 {# V* p6 ~
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阴、阳 yin, yang , x* r' }8 s# F" S* P1 i8 Y' R
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道 Dao(cf. logo) 3 _! w: x( O* C R
! c& L; G2 _5 F: c( b" Q5 {. V2 W 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
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e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
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道 Daoism(Taoism) 0 c1 x B2 P; Y! t1 j) O6 c+ m
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上火 excessive internal heat
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* U" W2 l! E# ^2 m; g+ j0 O8 ] 儒学 Confucianism
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红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology - C% b( X' g B0 j# Q$ B4 h3 d
0 K7 k& h8 Q& N 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia ; @- V8 J. Y/ F6 J. j( V
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开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) # k1 p+ V3 J' M" |4 @/ S( q* ^
r2 w5 J$ h f+ Z' e 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
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伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
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乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge : P2 e* Z" o* D- j5 @+ u
% l3 ~( }8 a. V. M 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
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. }4 L! {1 h! k. } 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
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" y1 w9 s, b, U! m+ G 治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline - i' R0 s" T/ f7 q' B- }/ Q
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2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial) ; w# n0 a. G5 n+ h& S
1 o/ k. i8 }9 `# F! a8 ], ?, z 国庆节 National Day / E" O4 L3 g" ^0 m9 C. T: b3 y
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中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 5 B `' L7 ?5 u% g+ h) ^# N: S( P
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春节 Spring Festival
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元宵节 Lantern Festival ( x w4 n3 M4 e, U5 C$ J0 K
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儿童节 Children’s Day 0 \+ ^* v" r0 F- Y3 R' \
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival ! h1 q6 L! a; V7 }+ z" r0 V1 P
) ^- ?+ M0 N" M 妇女节 Women’s Day 8 c2 V K1 I6 D# F) R
1 w( d0 V3 e% q( Q4 k8 w2 ]! w 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day : i0 V `% ^3 z: w) x& e% Q! m+ T. ~
0 B1 ^5 U3 w4 m5 b3 P5 P2 q% i, E 教师节 Teachers’ Day
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五四青年节 Youth Day
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3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods) : C# u, P9 t- U
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馄饨 wonton 0 C: F B7 b" R% P- o
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锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
2 b: `8 C) T' M% A) c& x6 v4 N3 ]) C. e# y5 N4 a" r2 S5 V, y
花卷 steamed twisted rolls 6 Q' p6 U! w( [5 t% D
- @ ~% Y3 l/ J$ m% ~* a6 l1 K 套餐 set meal
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盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
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米豆腐 rice tofu ! L6 T& ^/ y" c* @
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魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu / {2 r) ?( r* ?- y) P. V7 N; H4 @5 \
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米粉 rice noodles
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冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) + _( y8 E# c, Z- v# I9 ^# w# x, C) D2 i
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火锅 chafing dish
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八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 5 x6 @1 ~7 F; _
. S" e- ~% R' C. G 粉丝 glass noodles
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5 X' ]) x9 s9 J; [6 D2 w$ l( F5 F7 J 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd ! |2 F, m% d' u
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! p9 c: c, u# h! N' k1 P8 A4 F4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) " j6 r; ?) e% N( f
中国 电信 China Telecom
8 [0 C3 a. s, {/ E! A$ U4 k: \* {. ~& S, e+ s
中国 移动 China Mobile % ~- M0 {( T2 }4 t. x0 g
) E1 G, {2 q8 O 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
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中国电脑联网 Chinanet % ?) K0 p$ K, h: B: X2 @1 i# C2 W
0 ]- t# F; q3 J7 q- J 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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希望工程 Project Hope
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. K' D2 J2 W# R; e* F" t 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway ' E6 z: j9 ]) K& z* l
$ N; |( M v5 ]9 p 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
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5 p% e; r% a3 t4 l8 Z0 t& j1 T 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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, w& S1 n$ c$ u/ N4 c9 B: v: l 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
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0 ?0 j, J8 Y% G8 P" F 安居工程 Economy Housing Project
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' H5 W- D; i* s+ c4 a 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign 7 J$ O. R. y7 l0 K- g! D. |
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西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
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- e. _' T( N0 U* h) h 禅宗 Zen Buddhism " Q9 |6 a3 x5 S* Q: }9 E
" j! F9 i7 }1 r. s7 M 禅 dhyana; dhgaya . R/ q. P& ^' u; \! ^' W
* o7 M: Y' j0 x8 a4 J" Z 混沌 chaos ) w. O% {1 ~3 V* c% T7 h) _
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道 Daosim, the way and its power
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9 y/ y) ?3 E% _0 i# P! D 四谛 Four Noble Truth + X5 [* F3 @. q+ z) c
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八正道 Eightfold Path
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无常 anity
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+ `# ]% z. m8 b0 E 五行说 Theory of Five Elements
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+ U9 _6 i$ v8 N6 g. }' c9 w 无我 anatman
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坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation / R3 Q p% H6 Q9 J
, Q. V9 `# y& E% {% |4 Y6 s1 G" v 空 sunyata ( L e. t. ]1 b1 e) s. T
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虚无 nothingness ) D& r* o' X) c
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双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
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2 n- \! ]' q7 F" O 小品 witty skits " y! [- u6 v( e4 H2 ~( E
! S X8 J( `- `# E 相声 cross-talk % J9 b5 R( D% [- `. J
9 u- G# I3 ]4 |1 t, p. b* L 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
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夜猫子 night people; night-owls 9 n; W4 I$ c& f& P8 q3 d
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本命年 this animal year of sb.
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处世之道 philosophy of life
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, |! S* h! K" }, P4 s 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) ' S; U& f! [+ |/ b& C9 Q0 g
+ G8 _0 \- O: { 还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
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6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 * a* }- l' X% ~& ~0 q9 x5 X: ~! V
4 j4 @4 E6 _) L1 i$ d 大陆中国 Mainland China
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3 B( k: r% F: A% [ 红宝书 little red book ) ~ d5 u& o: S) |# V1 N" s% m
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红色中国 socialist China
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四化 Four Modernizations
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, d% p( Z6 O* l6 n+ ?% f$ [ 终生职业 job-for-life 3 X$ i8 g; {2 o
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铁饭碗 iron rice bowl # T9 i9 m( X' Q' E! k
2 @% ]9 `/ ?* e6 i' B; M 大锅饭 communal pot
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' I9 ~5 b1 S& a& z$ D( |1 | 关系户 closely-related units
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0 l+ y! P0 `, o. @ 外出打工人员 migrant workers " m1 g% v0 ^2 `/ k9 A) o, w) I
7 f5 I' {2 ?! E# B/ d- h5 J# } 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
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( i$ X* v. B, Y; `7 ^( g# |/ ]2 Z 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
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四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment 7 d p; z$ }3 a3 _3 L
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2 D- f6 ]& W7 D$ a0 g3 l) U7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
! n& x7 O I" y 宣纸 rice paper ! o6 P0 Q' Q" X3 w W
1 z. g2 L& k8 U; H! X' {1 s4 O# N 衙门 yamen : q" T. e4 c+ d W1 t4 M) u
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叩头 kowtow
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孔子Confucius + C! Y, U+ q3 D' Q8 Z4 K
) Y7 Q- d g; _& @ 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
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武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) . m6 B1 Z6 V# }' n: N
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功夫 kungfu ;kung fu 9 q" f& R- @9 H) M3 K
( e; {) w9 o) T5 z) R9 F$ E) R5 W 中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
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4 [3 R* @5 @8 {1 Q( u; k2 ` 中和 harmony (zhonghe)
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孝顺 to show filial obedience
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& C4 ?& t6 C k9 L9 \ 孝子 dutiful son
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5 {4 z/ W4 s% _- [3 \ 家长 family head 9 {4 ]6 k- A, B3 k1 G3 T4 c
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三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
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五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
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' E5 o9 ?& ~3 V5 ~7 v 八股文 eight-legged essays
4 I$ Z# Y0 c+ Y. o5 y
8 I0 k, j5 [* Y3 R: H 多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness ) a2 M2 g9 Z* y. Y/ n- C0 `! l
2 A4 y( t$ [1 Q2 ^; P- y# Q 养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age # `, |: ]% Y; S0 U% C
0 H0 Q4 A/ F7 g4 }) p3 j+ P$ S8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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基层监督 grass-roots supervision 0 x: } ~8 j2 f& L; h \
) _; x$ n; t) z, h2 r! m& ^ 基础税率 base tariff level
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8 C* G. K) H2 |9 I8 [* i 婚介所 matrimonial agency
4 n* a& }" ]& C. E
: v1 {; S3 n% s; j0 j 婚外恋 extramarital love 6 X$ R0 @* ], j/ I; ?
1 B4 K( X. b v/ @( @
婚纱摄影 bride photo * z( f# x4 n; O* l- c
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黑心棉 shoddy cotton 2 f7 Q: I8 O2 s4 g6 Y
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机器阅卷 machine scoring
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( T5 y) S0 z/ K+ D/ ` 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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- Q+ U2 U+ W5 u$ F, b* B; i$ q 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development / @4 Z9 C3 c- [% i2 e
/ O6 C+ C) d% S3 E! l( U 价格听证会 public price hearings 2 P( m; s$ k2 o3 U! `
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甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team : S7 `4 G6 |- V I) f
" Z! k5 y* I; q 家政服务 household management service
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; e* d" S8 P3 ]3 {4 f8 K* ^ 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
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假帐 accounting fraud ' ` |) }6 ? m, z4 f; T' J: n; d
& t# s _' m8 w: n1 y( X) Q 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel 4 ]% ~% D7 N e& E7 U
9 h% u7 x3 _* G- i6 Q
矫情 use lame arguments e8 R7 `0 V; t: `; n5 Y1 Z: j- i v
h4 \1 P6 T! p" n
渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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7 Y+ h4 H6 D) g H6 O+ k0 f9 u 借调 temporarily transfer 3 O" q) T7 f* r$ m1 O; K9 }3 `; R
7 g& p, V" U# D4 Q; b* b$ Y- |) V 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 1 l# l, |- b0 r d2 z% u# \- G
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扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
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9 w H$ U, n/ k- s: T# t9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
2 c0 e9 c! C% r) B! K: P; f6 B! J2 P$ {主席团Presidium , }- }! X6 H- R9 f ?7 ]
常务委员会Standing Committee
6 }& }) v! _2 p中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China 2 K4 {/ I8 \: B# b$ L
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
8 O8 H. g! r- ]" x* P国务院State Council 4 a: n; z5 { c+ g( B" P$ N6 e7 L
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 4 t4 P/ @5 G$ ^$ e) C
文化部Ministry of Culture 8 a+ b$ n, X) T- V N' m; w$ K
卫生部Ministry of Public Health 7 G( K. M+ N* {& f4 R: |
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs : ~) |1 r: r9 }: y1 A
国防部Ministry of National Defence 1 h/ b i- W4 V! z% {4 o4 X
教育部Ministry of Education ; `6 g3 J3 G0 s' t$ D( n
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
- j7 a7 \! U$ i r7 E国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
( @3 E5 u, y. h0 x中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
9 [/ O# P2 n9 j6 R中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
: i l& K9 O$ e: d中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
1 k H" s( U+ ^中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
' |$ |' q6 H$ [# b) H; {9 t最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court & r6 ], K8 H) ?$ w" e! a; P, q
最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate 1 _+ I+ }! P/ ~6 x3 ^% J! j
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 1 [6 e( M# h% w) e
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
: L# [& n- Z/ H6 w) w6 M; k( E中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC , c5 h" U9 s( e' f
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
5 y' F) m& x$ O5 s7 v中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
4 d+ O0 p/ w7 F6 x2 l中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC
* F) n# U5 R% p4 o中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC . w9 y* a P- B6 T, I
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 2 l( C: u" t/ L; l; |& B
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
; o9 M+ f) _4 d8 K! f( Y" ?中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
# `. p, O" K8 s0 ?6 W. R2 e& ?中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
" d7 S1 |9 e c& A" F% o Y9 {专门委员会Special Committee
& b' F4 m+ x* ?, U [4 F& H0 e中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
& V% Z3 \7 Z& @! v0 W中国政党Chinese Parties 3 P. K4 V) {/ E+ O! e
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
) v7 B8 V( a6 [, N& n% }- D中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
, h! i1 |$ }9 [! D' C( k中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
5 B1 K/ s3 M2 `3 E, c# F中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
, d" x4 \9 p/ R! W6 ]; X5 |, b中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy
W; L' d c6 X+ g. s- v2 ?& n中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party / x" U- y8 i& @9 w3 ?0 d( A* l' w
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
% P9 c' H' e7 ?0 i1 [5 [: c九三学社Jiu San Society
: Y) R% J* Q z4 q. a中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
" c% U6 [# T. Y1 t8 {0 a中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee + p' B3 S9 p4 o9 e/ ]# |
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee ; `* f! \+ q3 x$ W+ W. w9 m
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
$ H# I6 i: h; n8 ? Y$ v* @书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
$ L, K* ^) \4 Q4 s1 ?( W" _2 U中央委员 Member, Central Committee + ^9 a: ]5 ]% C) I. G
候补委员 Alternate Member 5 k" D1 {' P8 k6 \8 a j
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
" o# _) w* F# p# a" ?8 b中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
, J6 W1 M9 X5 {. [# P3 Q; K& @全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
. ?3 e$ Z, x! ]1 q秘书长 Secretary-General # C" o: Y* o0 a2 H! g' J
主任委员 Chairman
- N A/ _2 F S8 ]% K: ]: `) {委员 Member
8 _4 a* W' @ I' \(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress ' W' h8 y' e3 b
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress % t. P5 g G6 O' n: }
国务院总理 Premier, State Council / ]' G' d/ i+ Q5 y3 v
国务委员 State Councilor # b" K) @6 F b8 N4 x; P5 y
秘书长 Secretary-General
: f5 ~" x, X/ Q/ U2 \(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for ( ~" S+ Y. I& V1 _/ g6 z
(国务院各部)部长 Minister 3 d( S2 `# u9 @: B$ O& \+ P% m c- d
部长助理 Assistant Minister
' e+ `- K* m1 G$ |/ c: ^. v4 n4 t司长 Director
3 t$ m" q; N" C6 S5 L局长 Director
9 S: T& z, x1 O; Q( K. W( v1 w省长 Governor
: F" k c% j, m' ^7 t% Z( K常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
7 D. O, h. l% r% q4 Z自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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