中英双语 | 秋平：北京中轴线是中华文明“中”、“和”文化传统的有力见证
作者：求是网北京中轴线是中华文明“中”、“和”文化传统的有力见证
A Powerful Testimony to the Philosophy of “Neutrality and Harmony” Prized in the Chinese Tradition
秋平
Qiu Ping
北京中轴线作为元、明、清及近现代中国首都的核心，其规划、建设与完善，反映了中华文明对于国家、城市、生活之中理想秩序的追求和塑造，是体现中华文明突出特性的重要标识。
Beijing Central Axis served as the heart of the capital city during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties and in modern China. The planning, construction, and refinement of the Central Axis encapsulate the ideals of Chinese civilization in pursuing a perfect order in managing a nation, a city, and even daily life. It thus stands as an important symbol of the distinctive features of Chinese civilization.
与日本、韩国、越南等亚洲国家都城轴线相比，北京中轴线呈现出规模宏大、保存完整、对城市规划布局统领作用显著且延续至今的鲜明特征；与美国华盛顿、法国巴黎、意大利罗马等世界其他区域政治中心性城市轴线相比，北京中轴线承载着中国传统都城规划理念、礼仪文化与哲学思想，具有独特的轴线构成和景观形态特征，代表了世界城市历史中的一种特有类型，为世界城市规划史作出重要贡献。
In comparison with the urban axes of other Asian capitals in countries like Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam, Beijing Central Axis is distinguished by its grand scale, excellent state of preservation, and its significant and enduring role in guiding Beijing's urban planning and layout. When compared to the urban axes of political centers in other parts of the world, such as Washington D.C. in the US, Paris in France, and Rome in Italy, Beijing Central Axis embodies traditional Chinese concepts of capital planning, ceremonial culture, and philosophical thought. With its unique structure and landscape, it stands alone in the history of world cities and represents an important contribution to the global history of urban planning.
“中”意为不偏不倚，无过无不及，“和”意为均衡有序，和谐稳定。“中”、“和”理念落实在城市选址、城市规划和建筑设计等层面，即表现为追求以中为尊、均衡对称的布局。中国古代典籍将都城选址的“择中”位置与天地万物的调合、国家社会的安定紧密联系在一起。
According to this philosophy, "neutrality" refers to the need for both evenness and proportion, ensuring that there is neither excess nor deficiency. "Harmony," meanwhile, stands for equilibrium, order, and stability. When applied in site selection, urban planning, and architectural design, the philosophy of "neutrality and harmony" is manifested in the pursuit of a layout that emphasizes the principles of respecting centrality and ensuring balance and symmetry. In ancient Chinese texts, the principle of choosing the center was closely linked with the idea of ensuring harmony between heaven, earth, and all beings, as well as the stability of the nation and society.
北京中轴线作为都城的核心建筑群，通过择中选址、对称格局，象征并强化了国家政权的崇高性和礼仪秩序的重要性。同时，中国古代城市和建筑又具有居北面南的朝向。对“择中”观念的强调及居北面南的朝向共同建构了中国都城中轴线的规划格局。
As the capital's core architectural ensemble, Beijing Central Axis, through its central location and symmetry, symbolized and reinforced the primacy of state power and the importance of ceremonial order. In addition, ancient Chinese cities and buildings were also typically seated in the north while facing south. This north-south orientation, along with the principle of choosing the center, has jointly shaped the overall layout of the central axes for China's various capitals.
均衡对称分布于北京中轴线之上与两侧的建筑群，表现出从区域选址到建筑设计层面一以贯之的规划理念和秩序观念，体现出中国自古以来通过城市营造寄托社会和谐安定的美好追求。
The architectural ensemble of Beijing Central Axis is symmetrically arranged both along and on the Axis itself. It reflects an enduring and consistent planning philosophy and sense of order that permeate every aspect, from site selection to architectural design. It also embodies China's age-old pursuit of cultivating social harmony and stability through urban planning.
天安门广场及建筑群居中布置国家纪念性建筑，东侧中国国家博物馆、西侧人民大会堂分别对应太庙、社稷坛，坚持了中华文明“中”、“和”理念，延续了“左祖右社”的文化传统，表达了中国长期以来对人和现实社会的尊重，为北京中轴线突出价值的时代完整性提供了重要支撑。
National memorial structures lie at the heart of the Tiananmen Square Complex. The National Museum of China on the east and the Great Hall of the People on the west correspond to the placement of the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the Altar of Land and Grain, respectively. This arrangement not only embodies the philosophy of centrality and harmony but also upholds the tradition of placing the ancestral temple on the left and the altar for the god of land and grain on the right. Such a design reflects the enduring respect for the people and contemporary society in China and also ensures the integrity of the outstanding values encapsulated in the Central Axis in the present era.
中文编辑：郝遥
英文责编：张娴
英文审校：衣小伟 李晓琼
监制：李达 李振通
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